Quaker

__QUAKER HI CLASSJessica__ Barclay, Robert. //An Apology for the True Christian Divinity//. 1678. http://www.qhpress.org/texts/barclay/apology/index.html#vii.7 (accessed October 10, 2010). Allen, Craig M., and Judith L Brutz. "Religious Commitment, Peace Activism, and Marital Violence in Quaker Families." //Journal of Marriage and Family// 48, no. 3: 491-502. [] (accessed October 7, 2010).
 * Works Cited:**

__Gabe__ •Dorsey, Bruce. "Friends Becoming Enemies: Philidelphia Benevolence and the Neglected Era of American Quaker History." Journal of the Early Republic 18, no. 3 (1998): 395-428. http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 3124672?&Search=yes&term=history&term=friends&term=society&term =quaker&list=hide& searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dsociety%2Bof%2Bfriends%253A%2Bquake r%2Bhistory%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3Dsociety%2Bof%2Bfriends%2Bhistory%2 (accessed October 7, 2010). •Trueblood, Elton. The People Called Quakers. New York: Harper & Row, 1966. •World Book Millennium. S.v. "Quakers." By Henry Warner Bowden. Quaker Theology: -Happiness is only obtained through having true knowledge through God. -Mankind is unable to comprehend the true divinity of God -God does not enjoy the death and fall from grace of sinners, but rather would save every soul if not resisted by humans -Once one accepts God, he/she will have a spiritual rebirth in purity and holiness -Those who know the word of God should spread it but not forcefull convert/sell the word of God for profit -Wordly glory, like in sports/plays, is unimportant because worldly glory does not matter to God
 * Mankind is evil and can be swayed by the devil
 * Mankind is evil by nature, and enjoy indulgences of the flesh
 * Only God is able to separate the truth from evil things

Similar to Christians/Catholics: -Baptism(some believed that spiritual re-birth was not obtained through water baptism) -Communion -Monotheistic

Differences: -Quakers do not believe in banishing/killing people of different religions/beliefs -Do not believe in war as a way to settle things -"Inner Light" God's communication to a single soul -Discarded clergy, churches, war, offerings -equallity between men/women/children as they were all able to obtain "Inner Light" -Disciplines-at yearly meetings these laws of guidance are created -They do not have a 'church' but rather have meetings in order to come up with the right way o live -Testimonies-simular to the laws of how to follow God in the right way -Strong believers in eaquality/social justice -Anti-Slavery -Simplicity -Some strictly follow the bible, some decided that sometimes scripture was correct -Recognition of same-sex marriage = = Numbers: Africa = 43% North America = 30% Caribbean and Latin America = 17% Europe and Middle East = 6% Asia-West Pacific = 4%.

-The Quakers are mainly found in the Eastern parts of America, especially in Ohio, Pennsylvana, and some in the west, but rarely in the south.

Gabe
 * __History__**

•- Founded by George Fox, who from his childhood, saw something more in religion. He believed in faith by the ridding of possessions.

•- Based on the idea of following the inner light of Christ, which was Fox’s ignition in starting the Quaker faith.

•- The ultimate relationship between man and god was found through this light in the people who chose to see it, the Quakers

•- Began preaching in 1647. attracted variety of followers, but also harsh criticism from the religious public

•- Received the name Quaker as a derogatory accusation given to Fox after he told an English judge to tremble at the word of God

•- Fox believed that a persons connection should not be based upon text or intermediaries, but rather a personal inward connection. He preached that any ordinary person could reach this connection

•- 1681: Quaker William Penn establishes colony of Pennsylvania as a safe haven for the recently persecuted faith. State run under Quaker leadership for nearly a century / Based on the Quaker ideal of pacifism, the colony had no established militia or police force

•- Hicksite schism in early 1820’s in yearly meeting of Philadelphia

•- Chain reaction in reformation leads to the establishment of a new group of Quakers. New leadership

•- Faction that remained under leadership of the “Yearly Meeting” became known as Orthodox, while the other took on the name of a renown teacher and minister of Long Island, Elias Hicks, becoming known as the Hicksites

•- Claimed the Jesus was no more than a man, and that he held no divine status.

•- Saw Orthodox as denying freedom of the mind, and the inner light by their linking of texts to early Protestantism

•- Preachers disturbed religious peace in European churches

•- Pennsylvania was essential in the growth and stability of the movement, and Quakers held significant influence Rhode Island, North Carolina, and East Jersey.

•- First peoples to openly oppose slavery

•Since their establishment in Pennsylvania, Quakers have had a huge impact on education / Swarthmore, Haverford

•Standards in hospitals

•Decline - No creed?

__**Famous Quakers**__

•Herbert Hoover

•Richard Nixon

•Betsy Ross

•Thomas Paine

•Nathaniel Greene

•Daniel Boone

•Susan B. Anthony